Manufacture of quinizarine and the like



Patented Aug. a, 1:24.

' r UNI Tan. STAT-ES- PATENT cmca Jenn moms, or GARLISLE, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR 'ro soo'rrrsn urns, or

I 0 Drawing. "T0 all uihom it may Be.it known'that'I, JOHN THOMAS, a Sui);

' ject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Murrell Hill Works, Garlisle, in the county of Cumberland, England, have invented certainnew and'useful Improvements in and Relating to the Man- 'chlo-r-quinizarineand leuco-quinizarine.

The keyto' the invention is the chlorination of-a hydroxy-anthraquinone containing one-hydroxy group in the alpha position in strong sulphuric acid by:fre'e chlorine which yields a solution capable of direct-hydrolysis, whereby l-hydroxy anthraquinone can be -converted into lztdihydroxy-anthraquinone (quinizarine) without isolation of intermediate products.

The invention will be mainly described with reference to a complete process for the production of quinizarine from l-hydroxy-anthraquinone but examples of different steps or usages will be given.

In-carrying. the invention into effect in one form by way of example, parts of anthraquinone-l-hydroxy are dissolved "in parts of sulphuric acid of about 98 per cent strength and 0.1 part of iodine added; chlorine is passed through this at 75 C. or higher until the requisite increase in weight has been obtained or more simply the reaction can be followed by taking the melting point of the samples withdrawn from time i to time. Themelting point first falls until generally about to C., but afterwards it begins to riseand when it is about to 176 C. a chlorine determination may be carried out and if the chlorine is from 13.7 to 14 percent the chlorination may be. stopped, if it is desired to prepare only the mono-chlor derivative, namely, anthraquinone -1hydroxy-4-chlor.

To the melt is then added 10 parts 01:

boric acid andthe whole is heated to 180" C. for eight hours.- At-the end of this time the hydrolysis is practically. complete and if qumizarine is desired, the melt is blown intowater and the hydroxy .body isolated OABLISLE} ENGLAND. universe-rune or oumizannm m was ism.

" Application niea auguaaiw." Se'rtelli'p, 655,549.

in the usual way. i The yields are verycg o od, slightly over 10 parts of quinizarine bemg 1 obtainable.

If it is desired to obtain leuco-quinizarine, the sulphuric acid melt from the hydrolysis can be submitted to the action of alui nin1um powder and when reduction is complete, the leuco quinizarine isolated by pouring into water, filtering and drying at a low temperature.

If it is desired to sham chlor-quinizarine, chlorination of the anthroquinone-l-hydroxy is continued until the melting point of a sample has risen to'over-190 0., and the sample shows about 24 per :cent' chlorine. This is then submitted to hydrolysi's after the addition of-boric acidm the same way as for the production of quinizarlne.

Instead of anthraquinone-l-hydroxy certain other hydroxy anthraquinones can be submitted to this process; for exam Ie, the dihydroxy anthraquinones, pre'suma 1y 1.:6' and'l :7 which are obtained from autoclaving with milk of lime of the residual sul' phonic acids that are obtained in the production of alplia-sulphonic acid of anthra quinone by sulphonation in the presenceof mercury and. are also formed to some extent in the preparation of, the alpha-alphadisulphonic acids of anthraquinone.

The chlorination can be carried out in iron towers.

The chlorinations can be carried out at iv'en temperatures different from those for Example 1.

This example illustrates the production of l-hydroxy-et-chlor-anthraquinone.

A jacketed stirrer pan is charged with 640 lbs. of concentrated or substantiall non-aqueous sulphuric acid, that is, an phuric acid of not less than about 94 per cent stren h and into this is entered 120 lbs. of -hydroxy-anthraquinone'.- The temperature of the mixture is raised to .70-

75 C. and kept atthis temperature for a- 7 short time until the, l-hydroxy-anthraat'the rate of 5 to 6 lbs about 13.7 per cent and the melting point cr'u e g gging into water, filtered and washed qumone has gone intosolution. The charge 'isthen circulated at 70-75 Cathrough a tower connected to the pan and. drytchlorine passed through at the bottom of the tower per hour. 80 lbs. of chlorine have been passed in, a sam le of the charge is withdrawn and the l-hydroxy--chlor prrcipitated by from acid. 1

An estimation of the chlorine content is then madeon the sample. This is usually is 181-184 0. If the chlorine content is low, a further 10 lbs. of chlorine is passed inand the charge again examined.

.The melt is then blown into 600 gallons .of water, boiled, further diluted, filtered, washed and dried. The yield'of crude 1'- hydroxyi-chlor-anthraquinone approaches 90 per cent of the theoretical.

It is advisable not to carry out the operation at too high a temperature. or at too great a concentration of acid in order to diminish the amount of sulphonation and loss, of material which take place.

7 Example 2. V

This illustrates the productionfof 1- hydroxy-2 :4-dichlor-anthraquinone.

A pan is charged with l-hydroxy-anthraquinone as described, in Example 1,'but

.instead of passing in 80 lbs. of chlorine,

150 .lbs. are passed in, when a sample is withdrawn, and if the chlorine content is about 24 per cent the reaction may be .con-' sidered practically complete.

If the chlorine content is low .'-further quantities of 10 lbs-of chlorine are passed in. until the sample indicates that'the dichlor compound has been formed. The progress of the reaction can also be followed by taking the melting point of the samples.

When the crude product isolated from a. sample of the melts at 196-199 C.-. the re-- actlon may be considered to be practically complete. The melt is then blown into 600 gallons of water, boiled, further diluted with.

cold water, filtered and washed free'from acid.

@wample 3; This illustrates the production of 114-. dihydroxy-2-chlor-anthraquinone.

A jacketed stirrer pan is charged with 600 lbs. of concentrated or substantially nonaqueous sulphuric acid, that is, sulphuric acid of not less than about 94 per cent strength, and 100 lbs. of 1 :4-dihydroxyanthraquinone. The charge is heated up' to -75 C. and then circulated through a tower connected o the pan and chlorine After passed in at therate of about 3 lbs. per hour. After 60 1bs. of chlorine have been added. asampleis isolated and the chlorine con- .tentdetermined. This should be about 13 per cent. If the chlorine content is low afurther 5 lbs. of chlorine are passed in and the product examined again. The course of the reaction can also be readily followed by taking .the melting'points 'of samples taken from the melt.

When the melting point is 208-211 C. the chlorine content is'usually correct.

7 When chlorination is complete, the melt boiled, filtered and washed in-the usual way.

is blown into water.

@Emr npZe 4. j g This-is an altertiatiye .way of obtaining 1: t-dihydroXy-Q chi lthraquinone. J When the chliim idescribetl in Example 2 is complete;--,1 nstead of blowing the melt into water it is heated with .lbs. boric acid ,fortwelve hoursat 160 C.. It is not advisable to-carrythishydrolysis at higher temperatures owing 'tofthe consid- The yields of chlor compounds are very good and approach the theoreticah erable amount of destructionand sulphona- I .tion which is liable to take place.

When hydrolysis is complete the melt is i "then blown; into water and the 2- chlor-dihydroxy-anthraquinone isolated in the usual E'wampZe 5.

illustrates the-production-of 1:4-dihydroxy-anthraquinone.

en chlorination is complete for the formation of -1-hydroxy-4rchlor-anthraquinone as described in Example 1, there is added to the melt 80 lbs. of boric acid.

The contents of the pan are then heated for twelve hours at 160 C. When hydrolysis is complete the melt is blown into water and the dihydroxy-anthraquinone isolated in the usual way, or the melt before he- 'ingblown into water is cooled and reduced by the addition of aluminum powder. The

I I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is I 1. The rocess which consists in the chlorination by free chlorine in concentrated sulphuric acid of a hydroxy-anthraquinone containing a hydroxy group in the alpha position. 3

moo 165 2. The process which consists in the chlohydroxy group in the alpha position with. rination by free chlorine in concntrated chlorine until the derivative containsat least sulphuric acid of 1-hydroxy-anthraquinone. 14 per cent of chlorine. i

- 3. The process which consists in the treat- In testimony whereof I have signed my ment in sulphuric acid of about 9% to 98 name to this specification. per cent strength at about 70 C. to 75 0., of a, hydroxy-anthi'aquinone containing one 4 JOHN THOMAS. 

